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  • 茉莉花茶:你喝的是花还是茶?
  • 2021-10-18 22:52:25
  • 孕妇能喝茉莉花茶吗 For English, please scroll to the bottom. 

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    老桑说

    茉莉花茶

    好的茉莉花茶,泡在水中后会逐步开放、自然伸展,呈现出鲜明微黄而均匀的汤色,


    朋友,你好!我是老桑。


    最近我游览了广西壮族自治区的龙脊梯田和的涠洲岛,并在省会南宁市见到了我的学生。同时我还拜访了南宁市以东120公里的横县。



    老桑与南宁校友


    (横县小朋友教老桑成语)



    茉莉花


    横县是世界上最大的茉莉花和茉莉花茶产区,出产中国生产80%和世界60%生产的茉莉花茶。总量大约为每年80,000吨,价值高达180亿元。



    中华茉莉园


    你知道什么是茉莉花茶吗?这可能和你认为的有所差别。



    茉莉花白龙珠


    花茶

    Flower tea


    在中国,很多人说他们喜欢喝花茶,但是不同的人对花茶有不同的理解。首先,它可以是用花朵制成而没有茶叶的花茶(或草药茶)。中国最常见的这种花茶是菊花。这些纯花茶味苦,所以通常会加入冰糖来饮用。


    其次,花茶是所有由带香味的花窨制而成的茶叶的总称。尽管我们在中文中常常称其为花茶,但更准确的说法应当是scented窨花茶熏花茶


    “工艺茶”或者“开花茶”指内部包裹着一个或多个干花的干茶叶的一种茶。这种茶可能和纯花茶一样苦,所以它们通常被用作透明玻璃盒中装饰的展品。



    开花茶


    窨花茶

    Scented tea


    花茶兼有茶的味道、花的香气


    窨花茶是指用花窨过的茶叶。通常是以绿茶为茶坯,有时也会以白茶、乌龙和茶为原料进行窨制。


    其中最为常见的就是茉莉花茶。换句话说,我们喝的茉莉花茶不是以茉莉花为原料的, 而是由新鲜的茉莉花和绿茶共同窨制而成的。同样,玫瑰花和桂花茶也都是利用这些花的香气制作完成的。



    南山白毛茶茶业公司风景


    需要注意的是有些称作为“窨制”的茶叶实际上并不是窨制而成的,它们实则是加入香精油和人工香料做成的。一定记得查看包装上的配料表并且从reputable(信誉良好的)经销商那里购买茶叶。



    中国茉莉花茶博物馆


    在横县的旅途中,我拜访了位于张一元茶业公司的中国茉莉花茶博物馆。张一元是中国的老字号,第一家张一元茶庄开张于1900年的北京大栅栏地区,就这样把茉莉花茶带到了中国的北方。博物馆的展品中呈现了茉莉花茶制作过程有多么的劳动密集。


    总体来看,茉莉花茶是由以下几个步骤制成的:


    1



    在白天的时候(通常为中午到下午早些时候),工作人员会采集成千上万含苞待放的茉莉花朵。如果有的嫩芽还未开花,采集者就会先等上几天再采摘。如果嫩芽已经全部开花, 那么茉莉花就太老了。因为当花蕾开始开放时,香气会达到顶峰。在下午晚些时候,采摘的鲜花会被送到仓库。


    茉莉花只会在晚上开放。花朵一开始是白色的,之后转为黄色。当它们开始开花时会释放一种甜甜的香气,氤氲周围大约90-150m距离的区域。在我到达横县茉莉花田时,花香无处不在。



    翻动


    为了处理花蕾,工作人员会反复翻动花朵让茉莉花的香气进一步开始溢出。


    2



    一旦茉莉花成熟,窨花的过程开始了。工厂的工作人员会将绿茶茶坯散落在巨大而干净的工厂地面上。茉莉花茶博物馆的导游说,张一元的绿茶产区主要来自福建福鼎,也有一些来自四川雅安。


    他们之后会mix(拌茉莉花与茶叶,在夜晚不断定时翻动,让干燥的茶叶吸收新鲜茉莉花的香气。


    3



    第二天早上,茶商将从茶中筛选出的花,并重复以上的过程,再撒上几千朵茉莉花3-10次,直到达到想要的味道,这个过程可能需要几天或几周的时间。之后,茶叶会被加热,以去除新鲜花朵吸收的水分,防止腐败。


    把茉莉花花瓣从茶中去掉是非常劳动密集型的工序。高级茉莉花茶没有残余的茉莉花,因为花瓣会给茶增添苦味。混合了许多茉莉花的茶,虽然在视觉上很吸引人,但却是一种劣质茶。


    当所有的工序完成之后,好的茉莉花茶会呈现出鲜明微黄而均匀的汤色。绿茶的味道十分醇厚爽口、回味清甜同时又有浓郁芬芳、鲜灵持久的茉莉花香。



    茉莉花茶原本是朝贡茶。后来,慈禧太后为喝茉莉花茶有助于她保持年轻和美化她的皮肤,她还把它作为礼物送给外国统治者和大使。



    中华茉莉花园


    尽管茉莉花生长在中国南方,但大部分茉莉花茶是在中国北方被消费的。在中医的理论中,茉莉花是辛热的,能去身体的寒积,所以很多北方人相信这是适合夏末开始喝茉莉花茶,并一直贯穿整个秋季和冬季。


    当我在横县时,还拜访了广西南山白毛茶茶业公司谢雨董事长。虽然他主要的业务是制作六堡茶,这是广西著名的黑茶品种,他也介绍了许多制作茉莉花茶的细节内容。

    老桑与谢总交谈


    北京张一元茶庄在中国北方推广了茉莉花茶。我最近去了他们在大栅栏的老店,店里到处permeate(弥漫)着茉莉花的香味。今天茶庄里仍然出售那些最受大众欢迎的品种,包括散装茶叶,如茉莉银芽和茉莉白龙珠,茉莉白龙珠茶叶紧结呈圆珠形,泡在水中后会逐步开放、自然伸展。



    北京张一元大栅栏老店


    《刘三姐》是一部中国传统影片,讲述了一位勇敢的民间歌手用音乐批判残酷的地主,团结人民进行反抗的故事。影片的故事发生在广西壮族自治区的桂林。其中突出展现了一首民歌,唱的是新鲜的茶叶如何比茉莉花更香。即使并不真实,但采茶歌仍然很有诗意。我后来还参观了桂林的刘三姐茶园,游览了这个场景的拍摄地点!




    刘三姐茶园剧照


    我的朋友,茉莉花茶是把绿茶和茉莉鲜花进行窨制的茶叶,而不是用茉莉花泡的茶。茉莉花茶有绿茶的味道和茉莉花的香气。那些复杂的加工过程创造了一种delightful(令人愉悦的)茶。进夏末的时节,是时候喝点今年的茉莉花茶来享受新的口味了,并且这种茶还可以在年末时间里温暖我们。




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    英文版

    English










    Jasmine Tea:

    do you know what you're drinking?


     Hello, my friend!

    I'm John Smagula. 




     Jasmine 


    On my recent trip to Longji Rice Terraces and Weizhou Island in Guangxi province, I also visited with some students in Nanning, the provincial capital. While there, I also went out to the fields of Hengxian, about 120 km (75 mi) east of the capital. 



    Jasmine Fields 


    Hengxian is the largest producer of jasmine flowers and jasmine tea in the world, producing 80% of output and 60% of world output. That’s about 80,000 tons per year, worth 18 billion Yuan.


    Do you know what jasmine tea is? It may not be what you think!


    Flower tea


    In China, many people say they prefer to drink flower tea. “Flower tea” has different meanings to different people. First, it can be an herbal infusion (or tisane) made from flowers with no tea leaves. The most common herbal infusion in China is made from chrysanthemums. These pure flower teas are bitter, so they are usually taken with rock sugar.


    Second, “flower tea” can refer to any tea scented with flowers. Even though we often call this “flower tea” in , it’s more accurate to call it “scented tea”.


    “Flowering tea” or “blooming tea” consists of a bundle of dried tea leaves wrapped around one or more dried flowers. They can be just as bitter as pure flower teas, so they are usually displayed in a clear glass for decoration.


    Blooming Tea


    Scented tea


    Scented tea has the flavor of tea with the aroma of the flower.


    Scented tea is any tea that has been scented with flowers. Usually the base tea is green tea, although white, oolong, and black teas can also be scented.


    The most common scented tea is jasmine tea. In other words, the jasmine tea we drink is not made from the jasmine plant, but rather, a green tea that is scented with fresh jasmine flowers.  Similarly, rose and osmanthus teas are scented with the aroma of these flowers.


    孕妇能喝茉莉花茶吗

    Hengxian's Nanshan Baimao Tea Fields


    Beware that some so-called “scented” teas are not really scented, but actually flavored with essential oils or artificial flavors. Be sure to check the ingredients label and purchase from reputable vendors.



     China Jasmine Tea Museum 


    In Hengxian, I visited the China Jasmine Tea Museum at the Zhang Yiyuan tea processing plant. Zhang Yiyuan is a time-honored brand in China, whose tea store opened in 1900 in Beijing’s Dashilan area, bringing jasmine tea to northern consumers. The museum displays set forth just how labor-intensive the tea-making process is.


    In general, jasmine tea is made in these steps:


    01

    Pick fresh jasmine flowers





    During the day (usually noon to early afternoon), workers pick tens of thousands of jasmine buds that are just about to open. If the buds are still closed, the pickers will wait a day or so. If the bud is already fully open, the jasmine flower is too old, as the bud is at peak fragrance as it starts to open. In the late afternoon, the flowers are brought to the warehouse.


    Jasmine flowers bloom at night. The flower is white at first, but then becomes yellow. When in bloom, the flowers release a scent of sweet perfume that pervades the area within 90-150 m (300-500 ft) of the plant. As soon as I arrived in Hengxian’s jasmine fields, the fragrance was ubiquitous.


    To prepare the buds, workers will fluff and turn the flowers to further release the flowers’ aroma.


    02
     Scenting



    Once the jasmine is prepared, the scenting process begins. The factory workers spread out the green tea on the floor of a large, clean warehouse. My guide at the jasmine tea museum said that Zhang Yiyuan’s green tea base is sourced mostly from Fuding in Fujian, with some also from Ya’an in Sichuan.


    They then mix in the jasmine flowers together with the tea, regularly turning the blend over throughout the night, allowing the fresh jasmine to open and release its fragrance into the tea.


    03
     Sifting and drying



    The next morning, the tea producers will sieve the flowers out from the tea and repeat the process with thousands more jasmine flowers 3-10 times until the desired flavor is achieved. The process can take days or weeks. From there, the tea is heated to remove the moisture absorbed from the fresh flowers to prevent spoilage.


    It is very labor intensive to remove the jasmine petals from the tea. High-grade jasmine tea will have no jasmine flowers left, as the petals impart a bitter flavor to the tea. Tea mixed with lots of jasmine flowers, even though visually appealing, is a low-quality tea.


    When completed, a good jasmine tea will have a bright, even infusion. It will have a very delicate, sweet light green tea base with the alluring aroma of jasmine. 


    In popular culture


    Jasmine tea was an imperial tribute tea. Later, the Empress Dowager Cixi believed that drinking jasmine tea helped her stay young and beautified her skin tones. She also sent it as gifts foreign rulers and ambassadors.


    Even though jasmine flowers are grown in southern China, most jasmine tea is consumed in northern China. In medicine, jasmine is thought to have “hot” properties that causes the body to “remove cold”, so many northerners believe it is suitable to start drinking jasmine tea in the late summer and throughout the fall and winter. 


    While in Hengxian, I also visited with Xie Yu, chair of the South Mountain Baimao Tea company. Although his focus is on making Liu Bao Cha, Guangxi’s famous dark tea, he also explained some of the detail involved in making jasmine tea.


    Beijing’s Zhang Yiyuan Tea Shop popularized jasmine tea in northern China. I just visited their old store in Dashilan, which is permeated with jasmine scents. They still sell their most popular forms today, including loose leaf, such as silver bud jasmine, and dragon pearls, which are individual tea leaves wrapped tightly into a ball that will gradually open when infused.



    Zhang Yiyuan tea shop


    Third Sister Liu is a classic movie that tells about the fearless folk singer who used music to criticize cruel landlords and rally the people. The film takes place in Guilin, also in Guangxi province, and features a folk song extolling how fresh tea buds can be more fragrant than jasmine. Very poetic, even if not true. I also visited the Liu San Jie tea fields outside of Guilin and saw where this scene was filmed!




    Third Sister Liu


    My friend, jasmine tea is scented green tea, and not an infusion of jasmine flowers. Jasmine teas have the flavor of green tea with the aroma of jasmine. The complex processing creates a delightful tea. As we enter the late summer, it’s a great time to get some of this year’s jasmine tea to enjoy the new flavors that may also keep us warm for the rest of the year. 



    {  今日英文速记卡  }



    1.Scented \ ˈsen-təd \

    a)含义:adj. 茶坯和鲜花均匀拌和和堆放组成的工序

    b)例句:

    i.Even though we often call this “flower tea” in , it’s more accurate to call it “scented tea”. 

    尽管我们在中文中常常称其为“花茶”,但更准确的说法应当是scented“窨花茶”或“熏花茶”。

    ii.Scented tea has the flavor of tea with the aroma of the flower.

    花茶兼有茶的味道、花的香气。

    c)近义词:aromatic, flowery, perfumed

    2.Reputable 

    \ ˈre-pyə-tə-bəl \

    a)含义:adj. 声誉好的;卓越的

    b)例句:

    i.Be sure to check the ingredients label and purchase from reputable vendors.

    一定记得查看包装上的配料表并且从信誉良好的经销商那里购买茶叶。

    ii.The encourages the competitive and reputable big companies to do business in Chile and also welcomes the Chilean companies to invest in China. 

    、信誉好的大企业到智利创业发展,也欢迎智利企业到中国投资兴业。

    c)近义词:creditable, recognized, respected

    3. Mix \ ˈmiks \

    a)含义:v. 拌和、混合

    b)例句:

    i.They then mix in the jasmine flowers together with the tea, regularly turning the blend over throughout the night, allowing the fresh jasmine to open and release its fragrance into the tea. 

    他们之后拌和茉莉花以茶叶,在夜晚不断定时翻动,让干燥的茶叶吸收新鲜茉莉花的香气。

    ii.Oil and vinegar don't mix.

    油和醋不相溶。

    c)近义词:blend, combine, comingle

    4.Permeate 

    \ ˈpər-mē-ˌāt \

    a)含义:v. 弥漫;渗透

    b)例句:

    i.Beijing’s Zhang Yiyuan Tea Shop popularized jasmine tea in northern China. I just visited their old store in Dashilar, which is permeated with jasmine scents. 

    北京张一元茶馆在中国北方推广了茉莉花茶。我最近去了他们在大栅栏的老店,店里到处弥漫着茉莉花的香味。

    ii.In a world where the benefits of space permeate almost every facet of our lives, irresponsible acts in space can have damaging consequences for all of us. 

    当今世界,利用太空的益处已渗透到我们生活中的几乎每一方面,不负责任的太空活动可能对全人类造成有害的后果。

    c)近义词:imbue, percolate (into), pervade

    5.Delightful  

    \ di-ˈlīt-fəl \

    a)含义:adj. 可爱的;令人愉悦的

    b)例句:

    i.The complex processing creates a delightful tea. 

    那些复杂的加工过程创造了一种令人愉悦的茶。

    ii.I feel the delightful, velvety texture of a flower, and discover its remarkable convolutions; and something of the miracle of nature is revealed to me.  

    我摸着花朵的可爱的天鹅绒般的质地,并发现它的花瓣一圈圈叠合得那么巧妙,于是我领略到了某种大自然的神奇。

    c)近义词:alluring, delectable, delicious




    Thank you for watching me to inspire, encourage, and accompany you. 

    See you next time.


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    老桑说

    John Smagula

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